نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

طایفۀ بنی‌اسد به دلیل اقدام گروهی از آنان در دفن شهدای کربلا پس از عاشورا، به شهرتی نیکو در میان مسلمانان و به‌ویژه شیعیان رسیدند. گروه‌هایی از این طایفه در طی فتوح اسلامی به ایران آمدند و در برخی از ولایات و به ویژه در بخش‌های شرقی فارس، غرب کرمان و پیرامون بیرجند ساکن شدند؛ سیرجان و برخی از روستاهای پیرامونی آن مسکن اصلی این طایفه است. اسنادی از طایفۀ بنی‌اسد سیرجان به‌دست آمده که مربوط به دورۀ صفویه و به ویژه شاه‌عباس یکم است. بر اساس این اسناد، طایفه بنی‌اسد به پاس تدفین شهدای کربلا از پرداخت هرگونه مالوجهات دیوانی مانند عوارضات و اخراجات و نیز انجام خدمات اجباری معاف و حکام، تیولداران، داروغگان و کلانتران موظف به اجرای فرامین شاه صفوی در خصوص این طایفه شده‌اند. این اسناد بیان‌کنندۀ گوشه‌ای از سنت‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی عصر صفویه در قبال گروهی مورد احترام است و نگاه حکومت مرکزی را نسبت به نشانه‌های برجای‌مانده شیعی در ایران تبیین می‌نماید. امروزه طایفۀ بنی‌اسد در سیرجان به استناد همین اسناد خود را وارث نیاکان‌شان در روز پس از عاشورا می‌دانند، کاروان‌های شبیه‌سازی شده حرکت می‌دهند و مراسم تعزیه برای دفن شهدای کربلا برگزار می‌کنند. این مقاله در دوبخش اصلی تدوین شده است: در آغاز تحولات تاریخی این طایفه بر اساس روش تاریخی بررسی و تبیین می‌شود و سپس بر اساس روش اکتشافی اسناد را بررسی و بازخوانی می‌کند تا بتواند مبتنی بر این دستاوردها، در نتیجه‌گیری به تأویل و تفسیر اسناد بپردازد.Abstract Banī Asad tribe won a good reputation among Muslims, especially Shi’a, because some of them buried the martyrs of Karbala after Ashura. Some groups of this tribe came to Iran during the Islamic conquests and settled in some provinces, particularly in parts of eastern Fars, western Kerman, and Birjand. Sirjan and some of its surrounding villages is the main residence of this tribe. Some documents are obtained from Banī Asad tribe in Sirjan, relating to Safavid period, especially Shah Abbas era. According to these documents, Banī Asad were exempt from taxing, by that reason that their great grandparents buried the martyrs of Karbala. They were exempt from paying court taxes or and wealth (Mālojahāt) such as charges, dues, taxes and exempt of duty and servitude. The governors were obligated to perform command of Safavid Shah about this tribe. These documents express some of Safavid social and cultural traditions regarding a respected group, and governmental point of view toward Shi'i symbols in Iran. Nowadays in Sirjan based on the same document, Bani Asad introduce themselves as descendents of their ancestors in the day after 'Ashura. They move convoys and play Ta'ziay (passion play) of burial of Karbala martyrs. The present research consists of two parts. Firstly, the historical evolutions of this tribe will be studied, and secondly, the documents will be examined and studies with explorative method in order to construe the documents.Keywords: Bani Asad, Arab Tribes, Sirjan Nomads, Safavid Taxing, Regional History, Historical Ethnography, Tax.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Tax Exemption and Exempt of Duty for Banī Asad Tribe in Sirjan in the Documents of the Safavid Period

چکیده [English]

Banī Asad tribe won a good reputation among Muslims, especially Shi’a, because some of them buried the martyrs of Karbala after Ashura. Some groups of this tribe came to Iran during the Islamic conquests and settled in some provinces, particularly in parts of eastern Fars, western Kerman, and Birjand. Sirjan and some of its surrounding villages is the main residence of this tribe. Some documents are obtained from Banī Asad tribe in Sirjan, relating to Safavid period, especially Shah Abbas era. According to these documents, Banī Asad were exempt from taxing, by that reason that their great grandparents buried the martyrs of Karbala. They were exempt from paying court taxes or and wealth (Mālojahāt) such as charges, dues, taxes and exempt of duty and servitude. The governors were obligated to perform command of Safavid Shah about this tribe. These documents express some of Safavid social and cultural traditions regarding a respected group, and governmental point of view toward Shi'i symbols in Iran. Nowadays in Sirjan based on the same document, Bani Asad introduce themselves as descendents of their ancestors in the day after 'Ashura. They move convoys and play Ta'ziay (passion play) of burial of Karbala martyrs. The present research consists of two parts. Firstly, the historical evolutions of this tribe will be studied, and secondly, the documents will be examined and studies with explorative method in order to construe the documents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bani Asad
  • Arab Tribes
  • Sirjan Nomads
  • Safavid Taxing
  • Regional History
  • Historical Ethnography
  • Tax