Iranian constitutional movement: An impossible illusion or an incomplete plan
محمد علی
اکبری
دانشیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2013
per
Despite the fact that the issue of Iranian constitutional movement has been variously studied by researchers from different perspectives, only few studies have ever explored this significant event in its relation to the historical context of Iran. Most studies carried out in the field have taken two major theorethical stances: the first one holds that constitutionalism is believed to be a foreign import, and thus lacks any contextual congruency or social relevance to the historical context of Iran. This can suggest that from the very beginning the constitutionalists’ attempts to establish such a political order were doomed to failure. The second stance ascribes the failure of the constitutional movement to external factors, foreigners’ interventions and poor leadership.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
1
16
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94972_07a1f123af375039ec81cde3feb6b3fc.pdf
“āzād” and “āzādān”; Origin and Evolution from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian
پدرام
جم
دکتر در فرهنگ و زبانهای باستانی، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2013
per
This study takes under close scrutiny the Old Iranian word āzāta, and traces back its evolution from the old period of Iranian languages through Middle-Western Iranian and up to the advent of New Persian. By producing and analyzing relevant sources from old (Avestan) and middle (Parthian and Middle Persian) Iranian languages, it aims to reconstruct the semantic evolution and expansion of this word. This study claims that āzād, meaning “free” and “unrestricted” – the meanings which usually overshadow other senses of the word, and lead to misinterpretations regarding āzādān’s (a group of Parthian and Persian nobility) origins in the Sassanid era – is in fact a secondary semantic development which has its roots in an old Iranian tradition according to which bandagān (clients), for certain reasons and under certain circumstances, were allowed to be integrated into their overlords family.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
17
54
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94967_3ff02a89b3ee8a549848297cc1024da8.pdf
Rereading the components of modernity in the Qajar Age based on Tamaddon Newspaper
مهدیه
حمزهئی
دکترای علوم ارتباطات از د انشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
محمدمهدی
فرقانی
استا دیار علوم ارتباطات د انشگاه علامه طباطبائی
author
text
article
2013
per
In the West, Modernity was the product of the enlightenment process that took place within different schools of thought. It began with the Renaissance and continued through the religious-intellectual reformation to the Industrial Revolution. In fact, Modernity was shaped as the product of such a process. Printing, as the medium of information and awareness, played a major role not only in the emergence of the new science, culture, and insight but also in the formation of modernity. Before the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, the components of modernity were already shaped, but upon the emergence of Revolution, some like freedom and Law turned into the major demands of Constitutionalists. The major mass medium of the nation then was the press which, unsurprisingly, played a significant role in the public’s awareness of such components. This, perhaps, is why the present study takes an interest in an analysis of the representations of the components of modernity in Iranian newspapers published in the years between 1902 and 1911. Among all such publications, it is the Tamaddon newspaper which is available now, and is thus consulted in the present study. Twelve issues of the Tamaddon are selected by systematic sampling method, and are then analyzed in terms of variables like components of modernity, attitudes to each element, sources of legitimacy, and connotations. The theorethical basis of the study is a conceptual framework based on the concept of modernity as well as theoretical studies regarding modernity like Mediation Theory and Alternative Modernity. According to the findings of the study, what are chiefly reflected in the Tamaddon include social ideals of the modern man; attitudes towards the components of modernity which are at times different from the westersn models of modernity; religious sources and Iranian traditions which are used as a means of legitimizing argumentations for or against the components; and connotations which speak for the context within which the text was produced.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
55
94
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94961_0564e6b50079ab9a1acf8b842ba0cbdf.pdf
Presence of Iranians in the Political Hierarchy of the Early Islamic Caliphate and its Impact on the Medieval Cultural Developments
نیره
دلیر
استادیار پژوهشکده تاریخ پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
منصوره
کریمی قهی
دکترای تاریخ اسلام از دانشگاه الزهراء(س)
author
text
article
2013
per
After the dominance of Arabs in Iran in the early Islamic history, various types of resistances and oppositions occurred. The oppositions throughout the first few centuries of the Arab rule in Iran included political and armed confrontation against official authority, and more importantly theoretical research and debates to challenge Muslims. Furthermore, a group of Iranians who had converted to Islam, endeavored to penetrate into the political hierarchy of the Caliphate, and actively participated in cultural and scientific development of society all of which prevented the extinction of Iranian cultural presence in society. The main purpose of this article is to review of the relationship between the political power of influential Iranians in the hierarchy of political power of Caliphate and cultural development of society. This review proves that the extensive presence of Iranian influential households in the power structure of Abbasid Caliphate was the main cause for the establishment and progression of their cultural and scientific framework.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
95
116
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94951_d93626f283253732f56bbdd2e36cd6ce.pdf
A Comparative Study of the Social Structure in Iran and the Caucasus in the Parthian and Sassanid Periods on the Basis of Caucasian Historical Sources
روزبه
زرینکوب
استادیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه تهران
author
علی
علیبابایی درمنی
دکتری تاریخ ایران باستان از دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2013
per
Works of Caucasian historians in the ancient times contain evidence of Caucasian societies’ division. Although these works have emphasized on the aristocratic structure of the Caucasian societies, they also include evidence of the life of the lower classes in ancient times. The present article has invoked the works of Armenian and Georgian historians like Moses Khorenasi, Pavstos Buzand, Lazar Parapets, Leonti Mrovli and Moses Dasxurantsi. Yet, in order to compare the Caucasian social structures with the corresponding Sassanid and Parthians structures, and to give a clearer picture of the ancient Caucasian society, it has also tried to benefit from a simultaneous study of Roman and Middle Persian sources. The final findings of the research prove that the social structure of Caucasus in the Parthian and Sassanid periods is similar to the tripartite social structure of Iran in the same periods - The structure that consists of rulers, warriors and peasants.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
117
138
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94948_861dd504afebee09363751eb7ad926d9.pdf
Consequence of commercial accounts clearing contract between Iran and Nazi Germany for economic policies of Pahlavi government in agriculture
سید حسن
شجاعی دیوکلائی
استادیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2013
per
The Great Depression of 1929 caused a fall in national income from raw materials export in Iran. As a result Iran had to adopt industrialization policy in order to provide budget for import of consumer goods. In this circumstances Iran was willing to make economic relationship with Nazi Germany which wanted to provide raw materials for his war industry, consequently Iran could not only sell his raw materials but also provide machinery for his industry. As a result of this mutual need, Iran and Nazi Germany signed commercial accounts clearing contract. As a result, this contract not only brought great consequences for economic policy of Pahlavi government but also for agricultural parts. This research is going to study consequences of this contract for Pahlavi`s agricultural policies according to a historical method and using archive documents, books, newspapers and magazines during Pahlavi I. One of the consequences of commercial accounts clearing contract was development of commercial agriculture for providing raw materials for Germany, it took priority over industrialization and all other policies.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
139
160
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94941_9e29b5a0fd79a292d2c618b2a3a48693.pdf
Arabic Loanwords in Oldest New Persian Texts According to the Turfan Manichaean Manuscript Fragments
محمد
شکری فومشی
د کترای ایرانشناسی از د انشگاه آزاد برلین، انستیتو ایران شناسی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه ا د یان و مذاهب قم
author
text
article
2013
per
This article surveys a number of stylistic variables in the orthography of Turfan Manichaean manuscript pages. Some Arabic words has been used in the Classical New Persian fragments that were written in Manichaean alphabet and are introduced in this article. One of the texts in Manichaean script is contemporary with the oldest Classical Persian texts and belongs to the advent of New Persian. The study of this text and other similar fragments has brought forth the identification of about 90 Arabic loanwords in early New Persian texts. This study has reviewed stylistic variables of letters in the late Manichaean fragments, and through this, has found some missing links in the development process of Manichaean script.
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
161
210
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94932_60589f945452eb71191d6a1701ed121e.pdf
Relations between the Bagratid Dynasty and the Ilkhanid Government
جواد
عباسی
استادیار گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
مریم
محمدی
دکتری تاریخ ایران دوره اسلامی دانشگاه خوارزمی
author
text
article
2013
per
Georgia was one of regions, which due to its strategic and somehow religious circumstances, had a spectacular importance in the Mongol empire. This critical position was intensified following the establishment of the Ilkhanid government and its confrontation with the Golden Horde in Qipchaq. On the other hand, a set of political, military, and social factors in the region and throughout the Ilkhanid realm forced Ilkhans to be content with the continuation of local sovereignties, avoiding direct dominance over the region. It was under such circumstances that the role of the Bageratid local kingdom, its relation with the Ilkhanids and the subsequent developments were given a historical significance. As a result, political developments in Georgia became a subset of the situation in the Ilkhanid government and its relations with the Golden Horde. This article explains and analyses political developments in Georgia based on its subordination to the Ilkanid rule. It represents how Ilkhans, on the one hand, exploited Bageratids’ supremacy in the region to maintain their own domination over the region and, on the other hand, attempted to control their power in different ways
Tārīkh-i Īrān
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7357
6
v.
2
no.
2013
211
240
https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_94916_3f609df13aeccdf25c64a68d75c3f428.pdf