دانشگاه شهید بهشتی مجله تاریخ ایران 2008-7357 19 1 2026 03 21 Analyzing the Religion of Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani from the Perspective of Prose “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-hadrat al-'ulyā” and “Nasā’im al-asḥār min Latā’im al-akhbar” بررسی رویکرد مذهبی ناصرالدین منشی‌کرمانی از منظرِ نثرِ «سِمط ‌العُلی لِلحضره العلیا» و «نَسائم الاسحار مِن لَطائم‌الاخبار» 161 180 106725 10.48308/irhj.2026.240924.1441 FA جمشید روستا دانشیار گروه تایخ دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. Journal Article 2025 08 01 Abstract “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā” and “Nasā’im al-asḥār min Latā’im al-akhbar” are two valuable works by Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani, a historian, writer, and head of the Kerman Rasa’el Divan during the reign of the Qara-Khitai goverment. The first book is one of the important sources of local history of Kerman during the seventh and early eighth centuries, and the second book is also a valuable work on the history of ministers, and both are written in Persian. Although some research has been conducted on the stylistic features of the prose of these two works, the present article, using the method of historical studies and an analytical approach, has addressed another aspect of the prose of these works. In this regard, the main question of the present article is: from the perspective of the prose of “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā” and “Nasā’im al-asḥār min Latā’im al-akhbar”, what religious approach did Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani have and is this approach evident in his literary writing? The findings of the research indicate that, based on the prose of “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā” and “Nasā’im al-asḥār min Latā’im al-akhbar”, Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani, in addition to presenting a positive view of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and describing and praising them, also spoke well of the Shiite Imams, which largely demonstrates his liberal approach and is far from fanaticism. In other words, in introducing individuals, he looked at their performance rather than their religion. Introduction Nasir al-Din Munshi Kermani, the author of two books, " Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā" and "Nasaim al-Ashar min la'ta'im al-Akhbar", was born in Kerman in 668 AH. He quickly rose through the ranks and at the age of 25 he attained the position of head of the court of letters and essays of the court of the Qara khitaei govermant. Although the political challenges of the end of the Qara khitaei rule also affected Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani’s life, and with the murder of Padeshah Khatun, his troubled period also began; however, with the rise to power of the Ghori emirs, namely Naser al-Din Muhammad ibn Burhan and his son Qutb al-Din Nikrooz in Kerman, the situation of this land and, consequently, Naser al-Din Munshi’s life improved slightly. Naser al-Din also went to the court of the Ilkhanate for a while and made some progress there, but finally he passed away in 735 AH (Monshi Kermani, 1394: Introduction/20-23). Despite all these hardships, Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani was able to publish two books in the early decades of the eighth century AH. In this regard, the present research aims to find a suitable answer to the following question: From the perspective of the prose of "Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā" and "Nasaim al-Ashar min la'ta'im al-Akhbar", what was the religious approach of Nasir al-Din Munshi Kermani and is this approach evident in his literary writing? Therefore, by examining the research background in areas close to the subject of this study, it can be seen that his religious approach has not been analyzed and scrutinized. In addition, the present study seeks to investigate this religious approach by seeking help from the prose of the two books "Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā" and "Nasaim al-Ashar min la'ta'im al-Akhbar", and extract his religious views from the depths of the lines of these prose works. Materials and Methods This research is based on collecting information from libraries and is carried out through a descriptive-analytical method. First, the data were collected and then, according to the research topic, the data were processed. In order to fulfill this purpose, the required data and information have been extracted from previous sources and researches and qualitatively analyzed until scientific results were obtained. In this article, while respecting the principle of trustworthiness, primary and secondary sources and new research related to Kerman in the seventh and eighth centuries AH have been carefully examined; then, data related to the religious practice of Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani, especially based on his own books, have been analyzed. More precisely, the sources of research and information in this study have been studied and examined in detail in several sections and categories. These sources include Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani's books and other works related to this field. Finally, the author has extracted data from the sources, classified them and drawn scientific conclusions. Result and Discussion By reflecting on the works of Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani, it can be seen that while he is explaining various historical matters, he also makes references to religious issues, which can largely explain his religious tendencies and approach from the depths of his prose. Naser al-Din Munshi has spoken fully in describing the first Imam of the Shiites and has tried to emphasize the legitimacy of his caliphate and imamate by using various hadiths. Based on what can be extracted from various sources, especially the local chronicles of Kerman; the majority of the people of Kerman during the Qarakhtai era were Sunnis, and in two Sunni branches, Hanafi and Shafi'i, and many of the religious elders of Kerman are also Hanafi and Shafi'i.and as discussed in the text of the article, this is largely rooted in the place where he grew up and excelled, namely Kerman, and the time of his life, namely the era of the Qara-Khatai. A place where most of its people had a spirit of religious interaction and tolerance, and different religions have always coexisted in this land; and a government where most of its rulers, with an approach accompanied by tolerance, employed various people with different religions, including the Hanafi and Shafi’i Sunnis, the Imami Shiites, and the Sufis, in their government apparatus. By reflecting on the different parts of the two books, " Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā" and "Nasaim al-Ashar min la'ta'im al-Akhbar", we can see that Nasir al-Din Munshi of Kermani, with his mastery of Persian and Arabic literature, strives to teach rulers, ministers, and other statesmen the correct way and method of governance, ministry, and secretarial work, both through his secretarial and artistic prose and through his simple and fluent prose. In summary, and based on evidences, it can be seen that Naser al-Din Monshi Kermani was, on the one hand, a truly liberal individual and far from religious prejudices. This is largely rooted in the place where he grew up and excelled, i.e. Kerman, and the time of his life, i.e. the era of the Qara-Khitaei. Based on what can be extracted from the sources, especially the local chronicles of Kerman, the people of Kerman have had a spirit of religious tolerance in most historical periods and different religions have always coexisted in this land. Of course, this does not mean that there have been no challenges and conflicts between the supporters and followers of different religions in this province at any time; but overall, the level of religious tolerance and tolerance has prevailed over challenges and conflicts. Conclusions The results obtained are that, based on the various narrations that Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani brought in his two works “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā” and “Nasā’im al-asḥār min Latā’im al-akhbar” and which were discussed in the text of the article; in addition to presenting a positive view of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and describing and praising them; he also spoke well of the Shiite Imams, which largely shows his liberal approach and is far from prejudice. In other words, when introducing individuals, he looked at their performance and if a person had qualities such as freedom, justice, knowledge, fairness or courage, regardless of his religion; he was admired and praised by Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani; and conversely, if a person was cruel, tyrant, uneducated and ignorant, Naser al-Din did not hesitate for a moment in criticizing and blaming him. Whether this person is a Sunni or a Shiite, a Sufi or a legalist. According to the references that Naser al-Din Munshi Kermani made to the religion of his family in the prose of “Simṭ al-'ulā li l-ḥaḍrat al-'ulyā”, it became clear to a large extent that he was a Shafi’i but also had religious tolerance and tolerance. «سمط العلی للحضره العلیا» و «نسائم الاسحار من لطائم الاخبار» دو اثرِ ارزشمند ناصرالدین منشی کرمانی، مورّخ، ادیب و رئیس دیوان رسائل کرمان همزمان با حکومتِ قراختاییان است. کتابِ نخست، از جمله منابعِ مهم تاریخِ محلی کرمان طی قرن هفتم و اوایل قرن هشتم و کتاب دوّم نیز اثری ذیقیمت در تاریخ وزراء است و هر دو به زبان فارسی نگاشته شدهاند. البته یکی با نثری منشیانه و فنّی و دیگری با نثری روان و خالی از تصنّع، نگارش یافتهاند. اگرچه تاکنون راجع به ویژگیهای سبکی نثرِ این دو اثر، پژوهشهایی انجام شده است اما نوشتارِ حاضر با بهرهگیری از روش مطالعات تاریخی و با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی به وجهی دیگر از نثر آثارِ مزبور پرداخته است. در همین راستا پرسش اصلی نوشتار حاضر عبارت از این است که از منظرِ نثرِ «سمط العلی للحضره العلیا» و «نسائم الاسحار من لطائم الاخبار»، ناصرالدین منشی کرمانی، چه رویکرد مذهبی داشته و آیا این رویکرد در ادبیاتِ نگارشِ وی مشهود است؟ یافتههای پژوهش نشانگر آن است که بر اساسِ نثرِ «سِمطالعلی للحضره العلیا» و «نسائم الاسحار مِن لطائم الاخبار» ناصرالدین منشی کرمانی در کنارِ ارائهء دیدگاهی مثبت در بابِ خلفایِ راشدین و پرداختن به وصفِ و نعتِ آنان؛ از ائمهء شیعه نیز به نیکی یاد کرده است و این امر تا حد زیادی رویکرد آزادمنشانه و به دور از تعصّب وی را نشان میدهد. به عبارت بهتر وی در معرفی اشخاص بیشتر از آنکه مذهبِ آنها را مدّنظر داشته باشد به عملکردشان نگاه کرده است.

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