Shahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923Semiotics Nomenclature Patterns History Books In Persian LanguageSemiotics Nomenclature Patterns History Books In Persian Language12895720FAMOHAMMAD NABIKHEIRABADIHakim Sabzevari University/ Abolgasem/ RhimiHakim Sabzevari UniversityJournal Article20181219Abstract
One of the ways of recognizing the status and position of a text and the relation with the inside world of a work is the title that a creator seals for the work and the audience recognizes it by the name; thus, implication of title to text and text to title is a bilateral implication. Since such a bilateral implication is tarnished due to the existence of meta-textual components in the titles, identifying the dominant principles and patterns on the implications is one of the objectives of this research. This article analyzes the semiotics and patterns in nomenclature of historical prose and verse books from various aspects. Regarding the fact that selecting a title entails involvement of components such as topic, temporal situation of text production and the aesthetic aspects, we investigate the semiotics and dominant patterns in nomenclature of historical texts in various periods and the effective factors in this nomenclature by mean of selecting 100 historical books. This research deals with the important intratextual components such as structure and content of text, and also the intertextual components such as socio-cultural situations effective in titles’ selection, and the common patterns of nomenclature. Furthermore, the titles are analyzed in terms of linguistics and rhetorics so that nomenclature changes in different periods, the dominant pattern in each period and their frequency are signified. Finally, the pathology and the problems in selection of titles are indicated.Abstract
One of the ways of recognizing the status and position of a text and the relation with the inside world of a work is the title that a creator seals for the work and the audience recognizes it by the name; thus, implication of title to text and text to title is a bilateral implication. Since such a bilateral implication is tarnished due to the existence of meta-textual components in the titles, identifying the dominant principles and patterns on the implications is one of the objectives of this research. This article analyzes the semiotics and patterns in nomenclature of historical prose and verse books from various aspects. Regarding the fact that selecting a title entails involvement of components such as topic, temporal situation of text production and the aesthetic aspects, we investigate the semiotics and dominant patterns in nomenclature of historical texts in various periods and the effective factors in this nomenclature by mean of selecting 100 historical books. This research deals with the important intratextual components such as structure and content of text, and also the intertextual components such as socio-cultural situations effective in titles’ selection, and the common patterns of nomenclature. Furthermore, the titles are analyzed in terms of linguistics and rhetorics so that nomenclature changes in different periods, the dominant pattern in each period and their frequency are signified. Finally, the pathology and the problems in selection of titles are indicated.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95720_fcdbcde9a4a550782ee21e5c5aaabd7f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923Exploring the role of mortmain in the lives of the poor (with an emphasis on the Rashid-al-din hamedani actions)Exploring the role of mortmain in the lives of the poor (with an emphasis on the Rashid-al-din hamedani actions)295695765FAVahidZonouriantehranMaghsod AliSadeghitehranHashemAghajaritehranJournal Article20190317Abstract A survey into the social history of Iran shows that the lower class has always existed as one of the Iranian social classes. On the other hand, The issue of helping poor people and poverty alleviation has been a part of Iranian social history.Meanwhile mortmain and its incomes are one of the revenue resources of charities which kings and grandees have paid a special attention to their administration. Accordingly, the present study uses an analytical-descriptive method to investigate the important role of mortmain in the lives of poor people who lived in Ilkhanid dynasty and puts a special emphasis on the actions of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani. Results show that in Ilkhanid ear and especially when Gazan Khan came to the throne and Rashid-al-Din became his prime minister a significant emphasis was put on mortmain. In that era, a lot of properties were devoted to charities and the construction of charities like Rab’-e Rashidi and Shanb Ghazan played a very important role in helping poor people and poverty alleviation.Abstract A survey into the social history of Iran shows that the lower class has always existed as one of the Iranian social classes. On the other hand, The issue of helping poor people and poverty alleviation has been a part of Iranian social history.Meanwhile mortmain and its incomes are one of the revenue resources of charities which kings and grandees have paid a special attention to their administration. Accordingly, the present study uses an analytical-descriptive method to investigate the important role of mortmain in the lives of poor people who lived in Ilkhanid dynasty and puts a special emphasis on the actions of Rashid-al-Din Hamadani. Results show that in Ilkhanid ear and especially when Gazan Khan came to the throne and Rashid-al-Din became his prime minister a significant emphasis was put on mortmain. In that era, a lot of properties were devoted to charities and the construction of charities like Rab’-e Rashidi and Shanb Ghazan played a very important role in helping poor people and poverty alleviation.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95765_bfe2f94bcd09cb639fbd29b21b70c892.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923Analysis of the exile of communists in the first Pahlavi eraAnalysis of the exile of communists in the first Pahlavi era578695774FASeyyed MahmoodSadat Bidgoliاستادیار تاریخ گروه تاریخ انقلاب اسلامی پژوهشکدة امام خمینی و انقلاب اسلامی، تهران، ایران0000-0003-1899-6208Journal Article20190119During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose of this research is to determine which policy has been chosen and based on what elements. The hypothesis of this study shows that the enthusiasm of propaganda and spying activities of communists in the first half of the year influenced the kind of government's encounter with them, which can be seen in the choice of exile, the provision of their jobs and their livelihood, and the duration of their exile. This research is based on descriptive analytical method and with the help of archival documents and archival sources. Wherever possible, there are numbers used for analysis. The findings of this research show that the entanglement of Soviet propaganda and spy activities during Reza Shah reign caused the government's action to send communist to exile, and deportees with an inappropriate climate for them were considered. Communist activists were sent to exile from mostly frozen regions to religious, warm, dry, and domestic communities. Also due to the mixing of the propaganda and spying activities of these exiles and despite the fact that they were specialized forces that could be used to revitalize the era of Reza Shahi, they were strictly used to approach the security approach and were not using their capacity. Contrary to other exiles, Reza Shah’s regime maintained their approach to send communists on exile than exiled nationals. Exiles who opposed the three ـ year reform were usually exiled for several months to one year, but the end of the exile period for exile activities was unclear and was not allowed to be freed. The punishment for exile in this period is a criminal offense, unlike time ـ based imprisonment, and a person has spent a certain period in prison; however, in relation to exile during this period and in relation to communist and exiled exiles, time is not at all considered and the place of exile is important and there is no time for the end of the exile, and the time has come for the exiles to be released on September 13, 1941.During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose of this research is to determine which policy has been chosen and based on what elements. The hypothesis of this study shows that the enthusiasm of propaganda and spying activities of communists in the first half of the year influenced the kind of government's encounter with them, which can be seen in the choice of exile, the provision of their jobs and their livelihood, and the duration of their exile. This research is based on descriptive analytical method and with the help of archival documents and archival sources. Wherever possible, there are numbers used for analysis. The findings of this research show that the entanglement of Soviet propaganda and spy activities during Reza Shah reign caused the government's action to send communist to exile, and deportees with an inappropriate climate for them were considered. Communist activists were sent to exile from mostly frozen regions to religious, warm, dry, and domestic communities. Also due to the mixing of the propaganda and spying activities of these exiles and despite the fact that they were specialized forces that could be used to revitalize the era of Reza Shahi, they were strictly used to approach the security approach and were not using their capacity. Contrary to other exiles, Reza Shah’s regime maintained their approach to send communists on exile than exiled nationals. Exiles who opposed the three ـ year reform were usually exiled for several months to one year, but the end of the exile period for exile activities was unclear and was not allowed to be freed. The punishment for exile in this period is a criminal offense, unlike time ـ based imprisonment, and a person has spent a certain period in prison; however, in relation to exile during this period and in relation to communist and exiled exiles, time is not at all considered and the place of exile is important and there is no time for the end of the exile, and the time has come for the exiles to be released on September 13, 1941.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95774_959c4470e74f3d0185dab7b2e557da23.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923Agricultural relations of production's different types of landholding in the Iran's middle Ages, before iqta's extension.Agricultural relations of production's different types of landholding in the Iran's middle Ages, before iqta's extension.8711495782FAMohsenSerajGraduated0000-0002-0935-8178Journal Article20181003With the commencement of limited giving state (divani) lands to the militaries as an iqta in the Al Boyeh period and spread and Stabilize of this in the Seljuk period and Expansion of' mozareie' as a production relations in agricultural production in most regions of Iran, “fixed ownerships portion" especially in the state (divani) and manorial lands had been the most type mode of Iran's agricultural production relations Before the Seljuks came to power. This type of production relations, against mozarie, provided the feasibility of productive forces growth and progress and extension of Production as a result in its essence and function. Maybe this subject is a development code of economic and material life and in pursuit of it the progress of the Culture, Science and art in Four early Islamic centuries that was Known in history as the flowering of Islamic civilization.
In this article, based on the ownership of the means of production, Agricultural relations of production's different types of landholding on the Iranian plateau have been studied since the arrival of Islam to the Salajeq's domination.With the commencement of limited giving state (divani) lands to the militaries as an iqta in the Al Boyeh period and spread and Stabilize of this in the Seljuk period and Expansion of' mozareie' as a production relations in agricultural production in most regions of Iran, “fixed ownerships portion" especially in the state (divani) and manorial lands had been the most type mode of Iran's agricultural production relations Before the Seljuks came to power. This type of production relations, against mozarie, provided the feasibility of productive forces growth and progress and extension of Production as a result in its essence and function. Maybe this subject is a development code of economic and material life and in pursuit of it the progress of the Culture, Science and art in Four early Islamic centuries that was Known in history as the flowering of Islamic civilization.
In this article, based on the ownership of the means of production, Agricultural relations of production's different types of landholding on the Iranian plateau have been studied since the arrival of Islam to the Salajeq's domination.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95782_6efdd500b4f55cad1115dd4ae7d70184.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923Study about Impacts of "Land Reform" in Lives of Iranian Farmers in Political and Social Novels 1960s-1970sStudy about Impacts of "Land Reform" in Lives of Iranian Farmers in Political and Social Novels 1960s-1970s11514495728FAAtefehForoughi, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Isfahan University, IsfahanHosseinMasoudnia,Department of Political Science and International Relations,University of Isfahan.JavadEmamjome Zadeh,Department of Political Science and International Relations,University of Isfahan.Journal Article20181106"White Revolution" a name for social and economic reforms that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi did in 1960s and 1970s, due to growing domestic and international pressures. This program adopted by referendum and "Land Reforms" was the main and central part of that. The Revolution caused various political, social and economic consequences in rural and urban areas in Iran. Inter alia researches that can study and examine the consequences of "Land Reforms" is sociology of literature with emphasis on famous social and political novels that had written and published In 1960s and 1970s. Sociology of literature is a field of sociology that studies about social function of literature and the relationship between society and literature and reviews the structure and rules govern them. The purpose of this research is to study the impacts of "Land Reforms" on farmers in social novels during 1960s and 1970s. The result of research shows that during mentioned period, writers had criticized conditions of farmers in and by novel format and personages, and also they recognized the land reforms as main cause of worsening work and life conditions in rural areas."White Revolution" a name for social and economic reforms that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi did in 1960s and 1970s, due to growing domestic and international pressures. This program adopted by referendum and "Land Reforms" was the main and central part of that. The Revolution caused various political, social and economic consequences in rural and urban areas in Iran. Inter alia researches that can study and examine the consequences of "Land Reforms" is sociology of literature with emphasis on famous social and political novels that had written and published In 1960s and 1970s. Sociology of literature is a field of sociology that studies about social function of literature and the relationship between society and literature and reviews the structure and rules govern them. The purpose of this research is to study the impacts of "Land Reforms" on farmers in social novels during 1960s and 1970s. The result of research shows that during mentioned period, writers had criticized conditions of farmers in and by novel format and personages, and also they recognized the land reforms as main cause of worsening work and life conditions in rural areas.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95728_2ee45c65b3d2940992a68ea07a50a67d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923The idea of constitutional monarchy as the final strategy of modern thinkers to convert the Qajar absolute monarchy into a modern stateThe idea of constitutional monarchy as the final strategy of modern thinkers to convert the Qajar absolute monarchy into a modern state14517095738FAMohammadMahmudhashemiPhD of History Shahid Beheshti University0009-0008-7359-5830Journal Article20190128Abstract
With the arrival of Iran into the new historical conditions in the age of Qajar reign which was resulting from the Iranians’ confrontation with the modern civilization, the understanding of holders of thoughts on the situation of weakness and power of political sovereignty was gradually changed and they put forth different models to exit the Qajar absolute monarchy from the position of weakness and inefficiency.
However, finally, it was the idea of ‘Constitutional Monarchy” which was converted into the final political project of Iranian political modern thinkers to covert the absolute monarchy into the modern state. This research is an attempt to find out the causes of this event. Using the historical research methodology and applying the causative and rational elaboration, efforts have been made to respond to this question. The results of this research show that the defeat of the plan to establish a regulated absolute monarchy ,- due to different views and practices of the governmental administrators at Naseri and Mozafari ages and effective oppositions of the traditional elements of the state and society against the upper reforms which are in agreement with modern civilization models- , and the trend of daily weakness of Qajar absolute reign at Mozafari age , all made the modern thinkers- who used to emphasize on the necessity of law to administrate the government at modern age- to move towards the model of modern state resulting from the will of the nation and put forth the model of Constitutional Monarchy at public level as a final strategy to establish the modern state.
Key Words: Qajar Dynasty, Absolute Monarchy, Law, Modern State , Regulated Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy.Abstract
With the arrival of Iran into the new historical conditions in the age of Qajar reign which was resulting from the Iranians’ confrontation with the modern civilization, the understanding of holders of thoughts on the situation of weakness and power of political sovereignty was gradually changed and they put forth different models to exit the Qajar absolute monarchy from the position of weakness and inefficiency.
However, finally, it was the idea of ‘Constitutional Monarchy” which was converted into the final political project of Iranian political modern thinkers to covert the absolute monarchy into the modern state. This research is an attempt to find out the causes of this event. Using the historical research methodology and applying the causative and rational elaboration, efforts have been made to respond to this question. The results of this research show that the defeat of the plan to establish a regulated absolute monarchy ,- due to different views and practices of the governmental administrators at Naseri and Mozafari ages and effective oppositions of the traditional elements of the state and society against the upper reforms which are in agreement with modern civilization models- , and the trend of daily weakness of Qajar absolute reign at Mozafari age , all made the modern thinkers- who used to emphasize on the necessity of law to administrate the government at modern age- to move towards the model of modern state resulting from the will of the nation and put forth the model of Constitutional Monarchy at public level as a final strategy to establish the modern state.
Key Words: Qajar Dynasty, Absolute Monarchy, Law, Modern State , Regulated Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95738_fb69e08f8287044d223f84331b53bf1d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityTārīkh-i Īrān2008-735711220180923From democracy to theocracy: the causes and processes of the evolution of political discourse from democracy to religionFrom democracy to theocracy: the causes and processes of the evolution of political discourse from democracy to religion17119895755FAAlirezaMollaiy TavanyInstitute for humanities and cultural studies0009-0004-1144-0543Journal Article20181215Evolution of government in the new world has shown that traditional and authoritarian governments and even pre-modern religious democracies have progressed toward becoming a democratic order after reforms and social movements, while in Iran this movement has been nothing but vague. As several decades after the Constitutional Revolution and the attempt to establish democratic institutions, a religious government was finally formed in Iran following the 1979 revolution. This is why the political discourse in Iran after a few decades of democratization has led to theocracy. This study examines the motivations and causes of this discursive turning point and the changing intellectual and political atmosphere of Iranian society through the method of historical analysis. This change, indeed, includes various aspects, some of which will be studied in this article. This study shows that factors such as the change in the social fabric of Iran in the 1930s and 1350s; the emergence of identity challenges among the various strata of the Iranian society; the shift in the notion of democracy in the political literature of revolutionary militants; the break in the relations of political actors; the political, intellectual, and organizational failure of the democratic forces to lead and organize the struggle; and finally, the ability of political Islam in the design of the theory of government and in the battle of symbols led to a shift that aspires toward theocracy.Evolution of government in the new world has shown that traditional and authoritarian governments and even pre-modern religious democracies have progressed toward becoming a democratic order after reforms and social movements, while in Iran this movement has been nothing but vague. As several decades after the Constitutional Revolution and the attempt to establish democratic institutions, a religious government was finally formed in Iran following the 1979 revolution. This is why the political discourse in Iran after a few decades of democratization has led to theocracy. This study examines the motivations and causes of this discursive turning point and the changing intellectual and political atmosphere of Iranian society through the method of historical analysis. This change, indeed, includes various aspects, some of which will be studied in this article. This study shows that factors such as the change in the social fabric of Iran in the 1930s and 1350s; the emergence of identity challenges among the various strata of the Iranian society; the shift in the notion of democracy in the political literature of revolutionary militants; the break in the relations of political actors; the political, intellectual, and organizational failure of the democratic forces to lead and organize the struggle; and finally, the ability of political Islam in the design of the theory of government and in the battle of symbols led to a shift that aspires toward theocracy.https://irhj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95755_3c25094ad31f314464457917b41525a7.pdf