Tārīkh-i Īrān

An Analysis of the Challenge to the Legitimacy of Ashraf Afghan’s Government

Seyyed Mahmood Sadat Bidgoli

Volume 16, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 225-246

https://doi.org/10.48308/irhj.2023.233069.1261

Abstract

The legitimacy of the Safavid dynasty was widespread to the extent that hardly anyone believed that they could be replaced as kings of Iran. The long shadow of the Safavid dynasty persisted ... Read More

Analysis of the exile of communists in the first Pahlavi era

Seyyed Mahmood Sadat Bidgoli

Volume 11, Issue 2 , August 2019, , Pages 57-86

Abstract

During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose ... Read More During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose of this research is to determine which policy has been chosen and based on what elements. The hypothesis of this study shows that the enthusiasm of propaganda and spying activities of communists in the first half of the year influenced the kind of government's encounter with them, which can be seen in the choice of exile, the provision of their jobs and their livelihood, and the duration of their exile. This research is based on descriptive analytical method and with the help of archival documents and archival sources. Wherever possible, there are numbers used for analysis. The findings of this research show that the entanglement of Soviet propaganda and spy activities during Reza Shah reign caused the government's action to send communist to exile, and deportees with an inappropriate climate for them were considered. Communist activists were sent to exile from mostly frozen regions to religious, warm, dry, and domestic communities. Also due to the mixing of the propaganda and spying activities of these exiles and despite the fact that they were specialized forces that could be used to revitalize the era of Reza Shahi, they were strictly used to approach the security approach and were not using their capacity. Contrary to other exiles, Reza Shah’s regime maintained their approach to send communists on exile than exiled nationals. Exiles who opposed the three ـ year reform were usually exiled for several months to one year, but the end of the exile period for exile activities was unclear and was not allowed to be freed. The punishment for exile in this period is a criminal offense, unlike time ـ based imprisonment, and a person has spent a certain period in prison; however, in relation to exile during this period and in relation to communist and exiled exiles, time is not at all considered and the place of exile is important and there is no time for the end of the exile, and the time has come for the exiles to be released on September 13, 1941.

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Author = Seyyed Mahmood Sadat Bidgoli

An Analysis of the Challenge to the Legitimacy of Ashraf Afghan’s Government

Abstract

Analysis of the exile of communists in the first Pahlavi era

Abstract