The historical analysis of theory of power adjustment in the struggle of absolutism and the ideology of constitutional state

Several decades before the Constitution Movement, modernization of the political life of Iran had turned to be a serious issue for the thoughtful assemblies and the enlightenment circles. The pioneers in this field, at the beginning, often described the political life of the westerns and recommended it for Iran. The intelligentsia and the thoughtful people gradually tended to provide particular prescriptions to modernize the political life; emphasizing on the law, establishing the constitutional regime, separating government from monarchy and whatever follows the concept of power adjustment were the most frequent vocabularies and concepts of this era. The theory of power adjustment, based on separating the act of ruling from monarchy, as one of the most important issues in the discussions related to the investigation into state and government, sought a remedy to prevent from the rulers' absolutism and forming the constitutional monarchy worldwide, and the monarchy in Iran during Qajar dynasty is not excepted of this rule. Formation of the constitutionalism debates was the the result of these thought theorizations that ultimately resulted in setting out the Constructional Revolution and establishment of constitutional monarchy. These theorizations, despite being effective, were not free of indefinite dualisms and contrasts. Especially the belief in constitution stipulated in the enlightenment discourses was often mixed with some type of request referring to absolutism. Although the belief in constitution played an effective role in achieving the political ideals of the constitutionalists , the absolutism that accompanied placed the Iranian modernized political ideals approaching to a lawful government and finally,interiorization of the power adjustment theory( separating government from the monarchy) into a perilous path. What this paper seeks is a brief description and characterization of the struggles of these two political attitudes of the Iranian advocates of revival with a legal-historical view