Tārīkh-i Īrān

Economic Crisis of Ghaznavids and The Effect of That in The Collapse of Political Constancy

JAMILE yuosefi; Esmail Hasanzadeh

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 1-28

Abstract

Ghaznavids (360 431 AH) were from the Middle Ages with the origin of the Gholami who came to rule after the abduction of their believers in eastern Iran. Taxes and royalties were and ... Read More

Research Paper

The Lifespan of Governments and Average Time of Monarchies: Statistical Examination of Political Instability in Iran at 14th Century

mohsen lotfabadi; / Allahyar Khal’atbari; Ataollah Hassani

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 29-56

Abstract

14th century are the century of establishment of local dynasties. In this century, various dynasties proliferated throughout Iran, hence, there was not a central and integrate government. ... Read More

Research Paper

The Origin of Aurammazdā in Persian Religion and its Elevation in the Behistun inscriptions

Ehsan Afkande

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 57-76

Abstract

In Darius’ royal inscription in the Behistun, Persian great god, Aurammazdā plays a proactive role. Accordingly, Aurammazdā’s name is one of the most occurred words in ... Read More In Darius’ royal inscription in the Behistun, Persian great god, Aurammazdā plays a proactive role. Accordingly, Aurammazdā’s name is one of the most occurred words in the inscription. In other words, we can presume him as patron god of Darius, royal dynasty, and most importantly legitimizing god of Achaemenid rule. Preeminence of Aurammazdā in the Behistun inscription contradicts with his relative insignificance in other contemporary sources. Generally, attributing such a role to Aurammazdā, has been justified by the assumption that Achaemenids were Zoroastrian or they borrowing such concept from Avestan texts. Nonetheless, comparing religious elements in the Achaemenid inscription and old Avestan texts demonstrates fundamental differences in their religious practices. Therefore, question of the origin of Aurammazdā in the Persian religion and the reason for assigning such an important role to Aurammazdā in the Behistun must be reviewed form a different perspective other than Achaemenids being Zoroastrians. Significance of such a question is that it can offer a reevaluation of the mechanism of Achaemenid political ideology. Present paper aims to investigate the origin of Persian Aurammazdā and the cause of its elevation in the Behistun inscription by reviewing Achaemenid contemporary sources containing information regarding Persian religion. In this study, evaluation and comparison of Achaemenid inscriptions, old Indo-Iranian texts and other sources suggest that Persian religion was probably a sort of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism, in which Aurammazdā was worshiped only as sky god. As a matter of fact, rise of Aurammazdā and its elevation as omnipotent god which occurs in the Behistun inscription for the first time, was established by Darius to solve the crisis of legitimacy for his reign, so that he, lacking any conclusive hereditary right to succession, could present his accession to kingship as an act of divine favor. Furthermore, it seems such an image of Aurammazdā is an adaptation of Mesopotamian political propaganda in which such an approach to divine has been practiced since time immemorial.

Research Paper

Factors affecting on contract of Iran and the Soviet Union1319 trade and sailing contract

seyed hassan shojaee_divkalaee

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 77-102

Abstract

Iran and the Soviet Union`s economic relations during the reign of Pahlavi I, owing to the adopted economic political policies of the two countries was different from those of Ghajar. ... Read More

Research Paper

Pretenders of the Safavid government after the fall of Isfahan A case study: Safi Mirza’s rebellion

Keshvad siahpour; Nematollah zakipour

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 103-122

Abstract

With the influx of Afghans and the fall of Isfahan, people from across Iran, pretending to be the descendants of the Safavid dynasty, claimed the prince and tried to revive the rule ... Read More

Research Paper

Study of the war of Ghojdovan and the causes of the Safavids troops defeat

Aboutaleb Soltanian

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 123-140

Abstract

Abstract The war of Ghojdovan in Transoxiana in 918 A.H, was one of the most important military events in the reign of the Shah-ismai'l I (907-930 A. H.). This event is very ... Read More

Research Paper

Islamic Traditions and Zoroastrianism Continuity and Decline of Pre in Middle Islamic Fars according to Historical Evidence

Negin Miri

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, Pages 141-160

Abstract

Fars, homeland and religious stronghold of Sasanians was conquered by the Arab Muslims in the mid th century AD. This episode marked the beginning of a new era in the religious and ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 24, March 2018

Economic Crisis of Ghaznavids and The Effect of That in The Collapse of Political Constancy

Abstract

The Lifespan of Governments and Average Time of Monarchies: Statistical Examination of Political Instability in Iran at 14th Century

Abstract

The Origin of Aurammazdā in Persian Religion and its Elevation in the Behistun inscriptions

Abstract

Factors affecting on contract of Iran and the Soviet Union1319 trade and sailing contract

Abstract

Pretenders of the Safavid government after the fall of Isfahan A case study: Safi Mirza’s rebellion

Abstract

Study of the war of Ghojdovan and the causes of the Safavids troops defeat

Abstract

Islamic Traditions and Zoroastrianism Continuity and Decline of Pre in Middle Islamic Fars according to Historical Evidence

Abstract