Tārīkh-i Īrān - Articles in Press

Two Anonymous Iranian Zaydi Historiographers: Abu alAbbas al-Hasani and Ali ibn Bilal Amuli

Volume 1, Issue 1 , December 2008, , Pages 43-63

Abstract

The revolt of Zayd ibn Ali and the rise of the Zaydi movement encouraged some Zaydi scholars in Iraq and Hejaz to devote parts of their scholarly output to early Zaydi history. These ... Read More

Tamerlane and Yildirim Bayezid's Status among Historians and Causes and Effects of Ankara War (1402)

Volume 5, Issue 1 , March 2012, , Pages 43-76

Abstract

Tamerlane، through his three sporadic invasions of Persia (Iran)، India، Syria، Egypt، and Asia Minor، provoked crisis and caused a number of changes in the regions’ political، ... Read More

A Safavid Decree of Appointment to the Post of Moḥtaseb of Qazvin Dating 1648

Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 43-52

Abstract

The Safavid shah, political administrators, and the clergy took it upon themselves to implement the divine command of enjoining good and forbidding evil (amr bi l-maʻrūf wa nahī ... Read More

The Reaction of Regional and Trans-Regional States to Britain’s Declaration of Withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in the late 1960s

Volume 9, Issue 2 , March 2016, , Pages 43-69

Abstract

After several years of presence in the Persian Gulf, Britain eventually decided to leave the region by the end of 1971. Despite the resources that they gained by virtue of their persistent ... Read More

Role Playing Factuality of Court Women in Al-Muzaffar goverment

jamshid norozi; Mozhgan Sadeghifard

Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2021, , Pages 43-66

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.13.2.43

Abstract

Under the affect of the political, social, cultural and religious situation of Iran, the social position of women and their role playing has undergone changes and developments throughout ... Read More

Evaluating the Relation Types of Iran and China during Safavid Period.

Jamshid Noroozi; Narges Khazaei

Volume 15, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 43-63

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.15.2.43

Abstract

The in-depth rooted and protracted relations between Iran and China flourished in the Mongols and Timurids era,which included various political, economic, cultural, and artistic aspects. ... Read More

Nāser Khosrow and His Description of Taw -Waj’s Location in Safarnāmeh (Travelogue)

Volume 7, Issue 2 , January 2014, , Pages 45-53

Abstract

Returning to Khorasān from the Hajj pilgrimage, Nāser Khosrow passed the Persian Gulf and landed in Mahroban Port, heading toward Isfahān. In this part of his travelogue, he ... Read More

A Study and Analysis of the Safavid Historiographical Approach to Shah Tahmasb's Attacks on Georgia

Mahmoud Mehmannavaz

Volume 14, Issue 1 , September 2021, , Pages 45-64

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.14.1.45

Abstract

Georgia was a Christian land that was of special interest to the kings of this dynasty during the Safavid period. Most of the Safavid attacks on Georgia took place during the reign ... Read More

The Representation of the Ideal Woman in the Šokūfeh Magazine: A Comparative Study of the Role of Women in the Pre-constitutional and Constitutional Periods

Mahdi Rafati

Volume 16, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 45-68

https://doi.org/10.48308/irhj.2024.104260

Abstract

With the emergence and spread of political parties and newspapers in the wake of the constitutionalrevolution, various articles were published with the aim of social reform. The women's ... Read More

The Development and Transformation of State- Sponsored Militias in Iran (1320-1332 / 1941-1953 A.D.): A Case Study of the Hezb-e-Jangal (Party Of Jungle)

milad heidari; Karim Soleimany

Volume 10, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 46-75

Abstract

The formation and activity of State- Sponsored Militias has always been an important issue for understanding the complexity of the relationship between states and nations due to the ... Read More

The Problematic Approach to the Iran Development in the Medieval Era

Volume 4, Issue 2 , November 2011, , Pages 47-78

Abstract

The medieval era of Iran history that lasted about nine centuries is considered as one of the most important and effective periods of this country. Conversion، the emergence of thought ... Read More

Identifying and reviewing the military establishment replacing the Divine Wave during the Ilkhanah period

Hooshang Khosrowbeagi; Toktam Yarmohamadi

Volume 10, Issue 2 , June 2017, , Pages 47-68

Abstract

With the Mongol invasion of Iran, the status of the court of law was changed completely, and the military and military organization of the Mughal was replaced by this court. The main ... Read More

HISTORICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN SOCIETY OF IRAN IN THE LATE PERIOD OF SASSANID

Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2010, , Pages 49-70

Abstract

Urbanism in Iran in Sassanid period have a considerable evolution. Although urbanism in this period has its root in previous periods, but the Sassanid city from city body point of view ... Read More

THE OPPOSITION BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN ASTRONOMY IN THE PROCESS OF THE TRANSLATION OF THE NEW SCIENCES (NASSER-AL-DIN SHAH QAJAR ERA)

Volume 3, Issue 3 , June 2010, , Pages 49-70

Abstract

One of the important issues in the history of Iran (in Nasser-al-din Shah Qajar Era) is the opposition between the formation of new knowledge and technology and the preservation of ... Read More

the Kipchak Turks And The role of Ulous Change's controversy in their survival After the Mongol invasion

maryam khosrowabadi; Keyvan Karimi Alvar

Volume 12, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 49-70

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.12.1.49

Abstract

Kipchak Turks Which until the third and fourth centuries was hardly seen in historical and geographical sources, In the sixth century AH, they were introduced into the Islamic world ... Read More

An Analysis of the Books Published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (1966-1979)

hasan shamsabadi; Hamid Basirat Manesh; Seyed Mahmoud Sadat Bidgoli

Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 49-72

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.15.1.49

Abstract

The Publishing Organization of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults was established in March 1967. To a large extent, the Institute managed to ... Read More

A study on reflection of Zarwani Beliefs in Iranian Written Folk Tales (Case study: Darabnameh and Hamza's story)

omid golanbari; amirabbas azizifar

Volume 13, Issue 1 , May 2020, , Pages 51-76

https://doi.org/10.52547/irhj.13.1.51

Abstract

The history of the Sassanid era is one of the most important historical-social and political-religious periods of Iran. The study of the doctrinal and ideological aspects of the Iranian ... Read More The history of the Sassanid era is one of the most important historical-social and political-religious periods of Iran. The study of the doctrinal and ideological aspects of the Iranian people in this historical period, in the context of literary and folk texts, is a remarkable research. Zarwanism is one of the most important and philosophical schools of thought and belief in Iran during the Sassanid historical period that had a direct impact on folklore and folk tales. This research is in the form of interdisciplinary research and descriptive-analytical method following a historical-doctrinal reading of the Sassanid period based on folk texts. Among the most important texts of Iranian written folk tales, two stories of Darabnameh Tarsousi and the story of Hamzeh have been selected. The reason for choosing these two stories is their similarity or approximation, their language and time, as well as the degree of reflection of Zarwani components in them. The issue of this research is what effect has Zarwanism had on folk texts, what are the components of the beliefs of this religion in these texts, and which belief is more frequent than other beliefs? It seems that popular texts that have epic-mythological themes and belong to the Sassanid historical period, more than other texts are associated with these beliefs. The most important Zarwani beliefs reflected in these two stories include, namely, divination and astrology, negative view of women, inevitable destiny, belief in the punishment and reward of this world, condemnation, meaningful reflection of the symbolic numbers seven and twelve, luck, the frequent presence of sages and various and surreal creations. The article concludes that astrology with 48 cases, code number seven with 36 cases, inevitability of fate with 30 cases, presence of sages with 29 cases, various and surreal creations with 29 cases, code number twelve with 26 cases, negative view of women with 25 cases, punishment and the reward of this world with 12 cases, luck with 8 cases and condemnation with 7 cases have the highest frequency, respectively.

scientific The scientific position the of Khorasanis in Baghdad’s circles during the 9th and the 10th A.C

Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2010, , Pages 55-72

Abstract

The presence of the Khorasanis in the establishment of the Abbasids led to the more vivid presence of them in the political and cultural positions of the Islamic world. The Khorasanis’ ... Read More

Rereading the components of modernity in the Qajar Age based on Tamaddon Newspaper

Volume 6, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 55-94

Abstract

In the West, Modernity was the product of the enlightenment process that took place within different schools of thought. It began with the Renaissance and continued through the religious-intellectual ... Read More In the West, Modernity was the product of the enlightenment process that took place within different schools of thought. It began with the Renaissance and continued through the religious-intellectual reformation to the Industrial Revolution. In fact, Modernity was shaped as the product of such a process. Printing, as the medium of information and awareness, played a major role not only in the emergence of the new science, culture, and insight but also in the formation of modernity. Before the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, the components of modernity were already shaped, but upon the emergence of Revolution, some like freedom and Law turned into the major demands of Constitutionalists. The major mass medium of the nation then was the press which, unsurprisingly, played a significant role in the public’s awareness of such components. This, perhaps, is why the present study takes an interest in an analysis of the representations of the components of modernity in Iranian newspapers published in the years between 1902 and 1911. Among all such publications, it is the Tamaddon newspaper which is available now, and is thus consulted in the present study. Twelve issues of the Tamaddon are selected by systematic sampling method, and are then analyzed in terms of variables like components of modernity, attitudes to each element, sources of legitimacy, and connotations. The theorethical basis of the study is a conceptual framework based on the concept of modernity as well as theoretical studies regarding modernity like Mediation Theory and Alternative Modernity. According to the findings of the study, what are chiefly reflected in the Tamaddon include social ideals of the modern man; attitudes towards the components of modernity which are at times different from the westersn models of modernity; religious sources and Iranian traditions which are used as a means of legitimizing argumentations for or against the components; and connotations which speak for the context within which the text was produced.

Religious Heterogeneity; Lay the ground for Separation of Caucasus from Iran (1723-1796)

Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2011, , Pages 57-76

Abstract

With regard to its historical background, natural conditions and political geography, Caucasus is made up of a variety of races, cultures and followers of different rituals and religions. ... Read More

The Origin of Aurammazdā in Persian Religion and its Elevation in the Behistun inscriptions

Ehsan Afkande

Volume 11, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 57-76

Abstract

In Darius’ royal inscription in the Behistun, Persian great god, Aurammazdā plays a proactive role. Accordingly, Aurammazdā’s name is one of the most occurred words in ... Read More In Darius’ royal inscription in the Behistun, Persian great god, Aurammazdā plays a proactive role. Accordingly, Aurammazdā’s name is one of the most occurred words in the inscription. In other words, we can presume him as patron god of Darius, royal dynasty, and most importantly legitimizing god of Achaemenid rule. Preeminence of Aurammazdā in the Behistun inscription contradicts with his relative insignificance in other contemporary sources. Generally, attributing such a role to Aurammazdā, has been justified by the assumption that Achaemenids were Zoroastrian or they borrowing such concept from Avestan texts. Nonetheless, comparing religious elements in the Achaemenid inscription and old Avestan texts demonstrates fundamental differences in their religious practices. Therefore, question of the origin of Aurammazdā in the Persian religion and the reason for assigning such an important role to Aurammazdā in the Behistun must be reviewed form a different perspective other than Achaemenids being Zoroastrians. Significance of such a question is that it can offer a reevaluation of the mechanism of Achaemenid political ideology. Present paper aims to investigate the origin of Persian Aurammazdā and the cause of its elevation in the Behistun inscription by reviewing Achaemenid contemporary sources containing information regarding Persian religion. In this study, evaluation and comparison of Achaemenid inscriptions, old Indo-Iranian texts and other sources suggest that Persian religion was probably a sort of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism, in which Aurammazdā was worshiped only as sky god. As a matter of fact, rise of Aurammazdā and its elevation as omnipotent god which occurs in the Behistun inscription for the first time, was established by Darius to solve the crisis of legitimacy for his reign, so that he, lacking any conclusive hereditary right to succession, could present his accession to kingship as an act of divine favor. Furthermore, it seems such an image of Aurammazdā is an adaptation of Mesopotamian political propaganda in which such an approach to divine has been practiced since time immemorial.

Analysis of the exile of communists in the first Pahlavi era

Seyyed Mahmood Sadat Bidgoli

Volume 11, Issue 2 , August 2019, , Pages 57-86

Abstract

During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose ... Read More During Reza Shah reign, propagandists of communist ideas were arrested and sent to exile. The policy of government in exile was different from that of other dissidents. The main purpose of this research is to determine which policy has been chosen and based on what elements. The hypothesis of this study shows that the enthusiasm of propaganda and spying activities of communists in the first half of the year influenced the kind of government's encounter with them, which can be seen in the choice of exile, the provision of their jobs and their livelihood, and the duration of their exile. This research is based on descriptive analytical method and with the help of archival documents and archival sources. Wherever possible, there are numbers used for analysis. The findings of this research show that the entanglement of Soviet propaganda and spy activities during Reza Shah reign caused the government's action to send communist to exile, and deportees with an inappropriate climate for them were considered. Communist activists were sent to exile from mostly frozen regions to religious, warm, dry, and domestic communities. Also due to the mixing of the propaganda and spying activities of these exiles and despite the fact that they were specialized forces that could be used to revitalize the era of Reza Shahi, they were strictly used to approach the security approach and were not using their capacity. Contrary to other exiles, Reza Shah’s regime maintained their approach to send communists on exile than exiled nationals. Exiles who opposed the three ـ year reform were usually exiled for several months to one year, but the end of the exile period for exile activities was unclear and was not allowed to be freed. The punishment for exile in this period is a criminal offense, unlike time ـ based imprisonment, and a person has spent a certain period in prison; however, in relation to exile during this period and in relation to communist and exiled exiles, time is not at all considered and the place of exile is important and there is no time for the end of the exile, and the time has come for the exiles to be released on September 13, 1941.

A Statistical Study of the Instability of the Il-Khanid Dynasty

Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2009, , Pages 59-71

Abstract

The Il-Khanid dynasty of the Mongol Empire captured Iran and took the power after a nearly 40 years of war, and ruled it for 80 years (1258-1335 C / 656-736 A.H). Considering the military ... Read More

Achaemenid Beliefs Based on Their Inscriptions

Volume 10, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 59-76

Abstract

Whether the Achaemenids were Zoroastrians or not has long been one of the questions Iranologists face, studying Achaemenid history. Some Iranologists believe that the Achaemenids were ... Read More

Applying the Theory of the Government Ascendancy of Maverdy in the relation between the Caliphate and the monarchy in the Beginning of the Seljuk's rise to Power

Volume 5, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 61-72

Abstract

Social and political developments in Iran in 420s And 430s (AH)، conincided with the ineptness of the Buwayhid (Ale Boye)، the expansion in the activities of the Ismailis، arrivals ... Read More

Volume 16 (2023)

Volume 15 (2022)

Volume 14 (2021)

Volume 13 (2020)

Volume 12 (2019)

Volume 11 (2018)

Volume 10 (2017)

Volume 9 (2016)

Volume 8 (2015)

Volume 7 (2014)

Volume 6 (2013)

Volume 5 (2012)

Volume 4 (2011)

Volume 3 (2010)

Volume 2 (2009)

Volume 1 (2008)

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