نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران بعد از اسلام ، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،ایران.
2 استاد گروه تاریخ، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Migration during the Qajar period was a complex and multidimensional phenomenon rooted in unjust political, economic, and environmental structures. Using the framework of Johan Galtung’s theory of structural violence, this study examines the causes of internal and external migration during this period and shows how the systematic deprivation of basic human needs (such as survival, well-being, security, and environmental balance) fueled forced displacement. The data for this study is based on 68 documented reports from Qajar era travelogues that analyze structural violence in three dimensions: environmental, political, and economic. The findings of the study show that the inefficiency of government institutions and discriminatory policies made migration an inevitable solution for survival. Also, geographically, the central, western, and northern regions of Iran had the largest share in emigration due to the combination of these factors, while destinations such as Tehran (as the capital and center of power) and neighboring countries (Russia and the Ottoman Empire) acted as the main centers of emigration. This descriptive-analytical study considers emigration in the Qajar era not as an individual choice, but as a direct consequence of unjust structures, and provides an analytical framework for understanding similar crises in other historical periods. The present study is important from the theoretical and methodological aspects, and by providing quantitative and qualitative analysis, it provides a new understanding of the demographic dynamics of this historical period. Finally, this study argues that structural violence, as a driving force, was the basis for one of the most important demographic developments of the Qajar era.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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