نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه تاریخ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
This study examines the maritime policy of Nader Shah Afshar in the Caspian Sea during the 1740s within the context of Anglo Russian rivalry and the role of John Elton in transferring European technical knowledge to the southern Caspian coast. The study argues that the establishment of a naval force should not be understood merely as a response to the logistical needs of the Dagestan campaign. Rather, it formed part of Nader Shah’s broader strategy to assert Iranian sovereignty and challenge Russia’s maritime dominance. By the early eighteenth century, Russia—benefiting from the reforms of Peter the Great and control of the Astrakhan–Volga corridor—had secured a durable strategic advantage and effectively turned the Caspian Sea into a sphere of influence.
Drawing on Russian archival documents and British commercial reports, the findings show that Iran achieved limited success in transferring shipbuilding knowledge and conducting hydrographic surveys through the employment of John Elton and the establishment of shipyards at Chamkhaleh and Mashhadsar. However, the project remained fragile because of the shortage of specialized skills and its dependence on external supply routes. Russia perceived Elton’s activities and the involvement of the Muscovy Company as a threat and adopted a policy of containment. This culminated in the imperial decree of 1746 prohibiting British trade through the Volga route, which disrupted the supply of naval equipment. After Nader Shah’s assassination in 1747, the naval project rapidly declined.
Russia perceived Elton’s activities and the involvement of the Muscovy Company as a threat and adopted a policy of containment. This culminated in the imperial decree of 1746 prohibiting British trade through the Volga route, which disrupted the supply of naval equipment. After Nader Shah’s assassination in 1747, the naval project rapidly declined.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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