نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 ندارد
2 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In the second half of Mohammad Mossadegh’s premiership, an “oil ‑ free economy” emerged—unplanned and forced by Britain’s oil embargo. Authorities rapidly re‑examined agriculture, industry, foreign trade, and the state budget, yet industry became the strategic pivot. As a productive, job‑creating sector, manufacturing was expected to drive the other branches and realize the wider objectives of an oil ‑ free independent economy.
Presenting his second‑cabinet program to parliament, Mossadegh defined a key government duty as “rectifying economic affairs through expanding domestic output, creating employment, reforming monetary statutes, and exploiting mineral resources.” Drawing on archival documents and library sources, this article employs a descriptive‑analytical method to ask: What industrial policies were adopted, and how did they shape the oil- free strategy?
Historical evidence reveals a double‑edged outcome. On one side, the policies energized industry: factory openings multiplied, industrial output climbed, corporate formation accelerated, and capital inflows into manufacturing rose, collectively bolstering national resilience against the oil blockade. On the other side, new layers of dependency surfaced, fundamentally clashing with the very ethos of an oil‑free economy. Industry relied on imported machinery, assembled knock‑down plants proliferated, foreign specialists became indispensable, and external loans and aid underwrote expansion. Hence, while Mossadegh’s industrial drive strengthened short‑ term capacity to weather sanctions, it simultaneously embedded structural vulnerabilities by tying key segments of production to overseas technology, expertise, and finance. Such contradictions illustrate how emergency industrialization, pursued under coercive external conditions, can both mitigate and reproduce dependence—underscoring the nuanced legacy of Mossadegh’s oil - free agenda.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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